Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus that includes over 100 different strains or types. Many of these are transmitted sexually, and can lead to a genital HPV infection. Genital HPV infections are spread through skin-to-skin contact, rather than through the exchange of bodily fluids as is the case with many STDs.

HPV infections can infect both men and women. They may infect the vulva, the lining of the vagina, the cervix, the rectum, or the skin of the penis. Most people that are infected with HPV will not have any symptoms.

Some people with an HPV infection may experience visible genital warts. These are single or multiple bumps that may appear in the genital area. These are usually soft, moist, and pink- or flesh-colored.

Some HPV viruses are considered to be high risk. They can lead to cervical or other genital cancers. They may cause abnormal Pap tests. Although only a small proportion of women have persistent infection, persistent infection with “high-risk” types of HPV is the main risk factor for cervical cancer.

A Pap test can often detect abnormalities that can indicate the presence of HPV. A Pap test can also screen for cervical cancer. For men, there are currently no tests that can indicate HPV.

Rarely, a pregnant woman can pass HPV to her baby during vaginal delivery. In these instances, a baby that is exposed to HPV can experience certain complications, including the development of warts in the throat or voice box.

There is no known cure for an HPV infection. For most women, the infection will go away on its own. For someone who is experiencing genital warts, a health care provider may be able to prescribe medications that will cause the warts to disappear. The surest way to eliminate risk for genital HPV infection is to refrain from any genital contact with another individual. HPV infection can occur in areas that are not covered or protected by a latex condom, so their effectiveness in reducing the risk for HPV is not currently known.

Posted in Health and Well-Being

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